Comparación de los libros de historia de vida digitales y convencionales sobre el estado de ánimo, la comunicación, la cognición y la calidad de vida en personas con demencia en residencias: un estudio piloto / Comparison of digital and conventional life story books on mood, communication, cognition and quality of life in people with dementia in nursing homes: A pilot study

Introducción: La atención centrada en la persona (ACP) incluye la historia de vida, una forma de terapia de reminiscencia que puede ser útil en el tratamiento de la demencia. Comparamos la eficacia de usar un libro de historia de vida (LHV) digital o convencional sobre los síntomas depresivos, la comunicación, la cognición y la calidad de vida. Material y métodos: Treinta y una personas con demencia que viven en 2 centros residenciales que siguen un modelo ACP fueron aleatorizadas para recibir terapia de reminiscencia basada en el LHV digital NeuralActions (n=16) o un LHV convencional (n=15). Ambos grupos realizaron 2 sesiones semanales de 45 minutos durante 5 semanas y fueron evaluadas inmediatamente antes y después de la intervención. Los síntomas depresivos se evaluaron con la escala de Cornell (CSDD); la comunicación con la escala de Holden (HCS), la cognición con el Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) y la calidad de vida con la escala de calidad de vida para el Alzheimer (QoL-AD). Los resultados se analizaron mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas con el programa jamovi 2.3. Resultados: Ambos LHV mejoraron las capacidades de comunicación (η2=0,115; p <0,001), sin diferencias entre grupos. No se encontraron efectos sobre la calidad de vida, la cognición, o el estado de ánimo. Conclusiones: En centros que siguen un modelo ACP, los LVH digitales o convencionales pueden ser útiles en el tratamiento de personas con demencia facilitando la comunicación. Su papel sobre la calidad de vida, cognición o estado de ánimo es incierto. (AU)

Introduction: Person-centered care (PCC) includes life story, a form of reminiscence therapy that can be useful in the treatment of dementia. We compared the efficacy of using a digital or conventional life story book (LSB) on depressive symptoms, communication, cognition, and quality of life. Material and methods: Thirty one persons with dementia living in 2 PCC nursing homes were randomly assigned to receive reminiscence therapy based on the Neural Actions digital LSB (n=16) or a conventional LSB (n=15). Both groups performed 2 weekly sessions of 45min for 5 weeks. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Cornell scale (CSDD); communication with the Holden scale (HCS), cognition with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and quality of life with the quality of life scale for Alzheimer's (QoL-AD). The results were analyzed using ANOVA of repeated measures with the jamovi 2.3 program. Results: Both LSB improved communication skills (η2=0.115; p<0.001), with no differences between groups. No effects on quality of life, cognition, or mood were found. Conclusions: In PCC centres digital or conventional LSB can be useful in the treatment of people with dementia by facilitating communication. Its role on quality of life, cognition or mood is uncertain. (AU)

[Comparison of digital and conventional life story books on mood, communication, cognition and quality of life in people with dementia in nursing homes: A pilot study]. / Comparación de los libros de historia de vida digitales y convencionales sobre el estado de ánimo, la comunicación, la cognición y la calidad de vida en personas con demencia en residencias: un estudio piloto.

INTRODUCTION: Person-centered care (PCC) includes life story, a form of reminiscence therapy that can be useful in the treatment of dementia. We compared the efficacy of using a digital or conventional life story book (LSB) on depressive symptoms, communication, cognition, and quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty one persons with dementia living in 2 PCC nursing homes were randomly assigned to receive reminiscence therapy based on the Neural Actions digital LSB (n=16) or a conventional LSB (n=15). Both groups performed 2 weekly sessions of 45min for 5 weeks. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Cornell scale (CSDD); communication with the Holden scale (HCS), cognition with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and quality of life with the quality of life scale for Alzheimer's (QoL-AD). The results were analyzed using ANOVA of repeated measures with the jamovi 2.3 program. RESULTS: Both LSB improved communication skills (η2=0.115; p<0.001), with no differences between groups. No effects on quality of life, cognition, or mood were found. CONCLUSIONS: In PCC centres digital or conventional LSB can be useful in the treatment of people with dementia by facilitating communication. Its role on quality of life, cognition or mood is uncertain.

Identification of decreased intrinsic capacity: Performance of diagnostic measures of the ICOPE Screening tool in community dwelling older people in the VIMCI study.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) strategy to face the challenges of ageing societies. This strategy is focused on person centered care and the assessment intrinsic capacity (IC). Early identification of five domains of IC (cognition, locomotion, vitality, sensory (hearing and vision), and psychological) has been shown to be related with adverse outcomes and can guide actions towards primary prevention and healthy ageing. IC assessment proposed by the WHO ICOPE guidelines is composed by two steps: First, Screening for decreased IC by the ICOPE Screening tool; second, by the reference standard methods. The aim was to assess the performance of diagnostic measures (sensibility, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and agreement of the ICOPE Screening tool) compared to the reference standard methods in European community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the baseline of the ongoing VIMCI (Validity of an Instrument to Measure Intrinsic Capacity) cohort study, which was carried out in Primary Care centers and outpatient clinics from 5 rural and urban territories in Catalonia (Spain). Participants were 207community dwelling persons ≥ 70-year-old with Barthel ≥ 90, without dementia or advanced chronic conditions who provided their consent to participate. The 5 IC domains were assessed by the ICOPE Screening tool and the reference methods (SPPB, gait speed, MNA, Snellen chart, audiometry, MMSE, GDS5) during patients' visit. Agreement was assessed with the Gwet AC1 index. RESULTS: ICOPE Screening tool sensitivity was higher for cognition (0.889) and ranged between 0.438 and 0.569 for most domains. Specificity ranged from 0.682 to 0.96, diagnostic accuracy from 0.627 to 0.879, Youden index from 0.12 to 0.619, and Gwet AC1 from 0.275 to 0.842. CONCLUSION: The ICOPE screening tool showed fair performance of diagnostic measures; it was helpful to identify those participants with satisfactory IC and showed a modest ability to identify decreased IC in older people with high degree of autonomy. Since low sensitivities were found, a process of external validation would be recommended to reach better discrimination. Further studies about the ICOPE Screening tool and its performance of diagnostic measures in different populations are urgently required.

Promoting social capital, self-management and health literacy in older adults through a group-based intervention delivered in low-income urban areas: results of the randomized trial AEQUALIS.

BACKGROUND: Evidence is scarce on how to promote health and decrease cumulative inequalities for disadvantaged older people. Downstream complex interventions focusing on intermediate factors (self-management, health literacy and social capital) may have the potential to mitigate the inequitable impacts of social determinants in health. The aim of the AEQUALIS study was to assess the effectiveness of a group-based intervention to improve self-perceived health as indicator of health inequality. METHODS: Pragmatic randomised clinical trial addressed to older adults (≥ 60 years) living in urban disadvantaged areas with low self-perceived health. The intervention was delivered in primary care settings and community assets between 2015 and 2017 and consisted in 12 weekly sessions. The primary outcome was self-perceived health assessed in two ways: with the first item of the SF-12 questionnaire, and with the EQ-5D visual analog scale. Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life, social capital, self-management, mental health and use of health services. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post intervention and follow-up at 9 months after the end of the intervention. RESULTS: 390 people were allocated to the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG) and 194 participants and 164 were included in the data analysis, respectively. Self perceived health as primary outcome assessed with SF-12-1 was not specifically affected by the intervention, but with the EQ-5D visual analog scale showed a significant increase at one-year follow-up only in the IG (MD=4.80, 95%CI [1.09, 8.52]). IG group improved health literacy in terms of a better understanding of medical information (- 0.62 [- 1.10, - 0.13]). The mental component of SF-12 improved (3.77 [1.82, 5.73]), and depressive symptoms decreased at post-intervention (- 1.26 [- 1.90, - 0.63]), and at follow-up (- 0.95 [- 1.62, - 0.27]). The use of antidepressants increased in CG at the follow-up (1.59 [0.33, 2.86]), while it remained stable in the IG. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that a group intervention with a strong social component, conducted in primary health care and community assets, shows promising effects on mental health and can be used as a strategy for health promotion among older adults in urban disadvantaged areas. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02733523 . Registered 11 April 2016 - Retrospectively registered.

[Impact of a Person Centred Care Model on the quality of life, well-being, and thriving in nursing homes. A cross-sectional study]. / Impacto en residencias de la atención centrada en las personas (ACP) sobre la calidad de vida, el bienestar y la capacidad de salir adelante. Estudio transversal.

INTRODUCTION: The aging of the population has led to the introduction of qualitative and quantitative changes in healthcare resources, among which are the introduction of models of person-centred care (PCC), although there is a lack of information on their impact. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of a PCC model on the quality of life, well-being and thriving, in people living in nursing homes METHODS: Cross-sectional study. POPULATION: all persons who lived indefinitely in the two participating centres that gave their consent. Impact of PCC vs. traditional model was assessed in terms of quality of life, well-being and thriving. Effect size was estimated with Cohen d adjusted for health problems, Charlson index, and presence of depression. RESULTS: Overall participation was 78% (59/77 persons from the conventional centre and 66/88 from the PCC). The people of the PCC centre had better well-being (d = 0.378) and thriving (d = 0.566). No differences were found in quality of life. CONCLUSION: The PCC model can have a positive impact on well-being and thriving in persons living in nursing homes.

La prevalencia de sarcopenia en residencias de España: comparación de los resultados del estudio multicéntrico ELLI con otras poblaciones / Prevalence of sarcopenia in Spanish nursing homes: Comparison of the results of the ELLI study with other populations

Introducción. El objetivo principal del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de sarcopenia, según criterios del European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, en ancianos que viven en residencia. Métodos. Estudio multicéntrico en personas mayores de 70 capaces de caminar que viven en residencias. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante bioimpedanciometría, la fuerza de prensión con un dinamómetro Jamar y la velocidad de la marcha sobre un recorrido de 4m. La sarcopenia se evaluó utilizando los criterios del European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (velocidad<0,8m/s; fuerza de prensión<30kg en hombres o<20kg en mujeres, e índice de masa muscular <8,31kg/m2 en hombres o<6,68kg/m2 en mujeres). Resultados. Se incluyeron 276 personas (mediana de edad 87,2 años; 69% mujeres), un 37% tenía sarcopenia (15% hombres, 46% mujeres), un 37% baja masa muscular, un 86% lentitud al caminar y un 95% debilidad muscular. La prevalencia de sarcopenia se incrementó con la edad. El 90% de las personas con sarcopenia presentaban conjuntamente una disminución de fuerza y velocidad. El 39% de personas con lentitud y el 38% de personas con debilidad muscular tenían sarcopenia. Conclusiones. La presencia de sarcopenia es un problema frecuente en personas mayores que viven en residencias, especialmente en mujeres. La mayor parte de los casos son graves, con una disminución concurrente de la fuerza muscular y de rendimiento físico. Aunque la funcionalidad muscular está alterada en 9 de cada 10 participantes, la mayoría de ellos tiene preservada la masa muscular (AU)

Introduction. The main aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia, according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, in men and women living in Spanish nursing homes. Methods. Multi-centre study was conducted on ambulatory persons over 69 years old living in nursing homes. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, grip strength with a Jamar dynamometer, and gait speed using the 4 metre walk test. Sarcopenia was assessed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria (gait speed<0.8m/s; grip strength<30kg in men or 20kg in women, and muscle mass index <8.31kg/m2 in men or<6.68kg/m2 in women). Results. The study included 276 subjects with a median age 87.2 years, and with 69% women. Sarcopenia was demonstrated in 37% (15% men, 46% women), 37% had low muscle mass, 86% low gait speed, and 95% low grip strength. Prevalence of sarcopenia increased with advancing age. Both weakness and low gait speed was observed in 90% of individuals with sarcopenia, with 39% of the total having low gait speed, and 38% with weakness. Conclusion. Sarcopenia is a frequent condition in older persons living in nursing homes, especially among women. Most of the cases are severe, with both low muscle strength and physical performance. Although muscle function is altered in 9 out 10 participants, most of them have preserved muscle mass (AU)

Complicaciones de la hospitalización en personas mayores / Hospital complications in the elderly

No disponible

[Prevalence of sarcopenia in Spanish nursing homes: Comparison of the results of the ELLI study with other populations]. / La prevalencia de sarcopenia en residencias de España: comparación de los resultados del estudio multicéntrico ELLI con otras poblaciones.

INTRODUCTION: The main aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia, according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, in men and women living in Spanish nursing homes. METHODS: Multi-centre study was conducted on ambulatory persons over 69 years old living in nursing homes. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis, grip strength with a Jamar dynamometer, and gait speed using the 4 metre walk test. Sarcopenia was assessed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria (gait speed<0.8m/s; grip strength<30kg in men or 20kg in women, and muscle mass index <8.31kg/m(2) in men or<6.68kg/m(2) in women). RESULTS: The study included 276 subjects with a median age 87.2 years, and with 69% women. Sarcopenia was demonstrated in 37% (15% men, 46% women), 37% had low muscle mass, 86% low gait speed, and 95% low grip strength. Prevalence of sarcopenia increased with advancing age. Both weakness and low gait speed was observed in 90% of individuals with sarcopenia, with 39% of the total having low gait speed, and 38% with weakness. CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia is a frequent condition in older persons living in nursing homes, especially among women. Most of the cases are severe, with both low muscle strength and physical performance. Although muscle function is altered in 9 out 10 participants, most of them have preserved muscle mass.

Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients attending outpatient geriatric clinics: the ELLI study.

OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study is to know the prevalence of sarcopenia in geriatric outpatient clinics using the EGWSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People) diagnostic criteria that include muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. METHODS: subjects over 69 years old, able to walk without help and who attended five geriatric outpatient clinics were recruited. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis (BIA), grip strength using a JAMAR dynamometer and physical performance by the 4 m gait speed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the EGWSOP criteria (gait speed <0.8 m/s; grip strength <30 kg in men or <20 kg in women, and muscle mass index (MMI) <8.31 kg/m(2) in men or <6.68 kg/m(2) in women). RESULTS: two hundred and ninety-eight subjects were included (median age 83.2 years, 63.1% women). 19.1% had sarcopenia (12.7% men, 22.9% women); 20.1% had low muscle mass; 68.8% had low gait speed and 81.2% low grip strength. Only 21.9% of the subjects with low grip strength and 19.5% of those with low gait speed had sarcopenia. No correlations between muscle mass and either muscle strength or gait speed were detected. CONCLUSIONS: sarcopenia is present in one out of five subjects attending geriatric outpatient clinics.

[Trends of HIV mother-to-child transmission in Catalonia, Spain, between 1987 and 2003]. / Evolución de la transmisión vertical del VIH en Cataluña durante el período 1987-2003.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe and to analyze the evolution of the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the use of antiretrovirals (ARV) in the HIV infected pregnant women and their new-borns alive between 1987 and 2003 in Catalonia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The available clinical-epidemiological and treatment data were obtained from 4 reference hospitals that take care of most of the children born to HIV infected mothers in Catalonia. Two of the hospitals had a data base designed to the follow up of their patients, whereas in the other 2 data were gathered by reviewing clinical registries. For the analysis, 3 periods, based on the recommendations of treatment ARV during pregnancy, were settled down: 1987-1993; 1994-1996, and 1997-2003. RESULTS: 1,105 mother-infant pairs were studied. HIV MTCT was reduced from 20.4% to 3.5% from first to third period of study (p < 0.001). The median age of the mothers increased from 24.6 to 30.5 years of age (p < 0.001). The proportion of women infected by sexual transmission increased from 17.2% to 58.8% (p < 0.001), whereas that of parenteral transmission decreased from the 79.2% to 43.5% (p < 0.001). In the last period, 74.1% of mother-child pairs received complete ARV prophylaxis regimens and 21.6% partial ones. The rate of elective caesarean-section went up from 32.2% to 58.2% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rates of MTCT in our setting have followed the same trend as in other countries of our surroundings. The observed changes reflect the variations in the characteristics of the epidemic in the general population. The implementation of the recommendations on ARV prophylaxis has begun early and it has extended progressively without getting to be total. Additional strategies for the universal coverage of the screening test during pregnancy are still needed.

Evolución de la transmisión vertical del VIH en Cataluña durante el período 1987-2003 / Trends of HIV mother-to-child transmission in Catalonia, Spain, between 1987 and 2003

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar la evolución de la transmisión vertical (TV) del virusde la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), las características clinicoepidemiológicas y el uso deantirretrovirales (ARV) en las gestantes infectadas por el VIH y sus recién nacidos vivos entre1987 y 2003 en Cataluña.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se obtuvieron los datos clinicoepidemiológicos y de tratamiento disponiblesde los 4 hospitales de referencia que más hijos de madres infectadas atienden en Cataluña.Dos de ellos disponían de una base de datos propia, diseñada para el seguimiento de sus pacientes,mientras que en los otros 2 los datos se recogieron mediante revisión de historias clínicas.Para el análisis se establecieron 3 períodos en función de las recomendaciones de tratamientoARV durante el embarazo: 1987-1993; 1994-1996, y 1997-2003.RESULTADOS: Se estudió a 1.105 parejas madres-hijo. La tasa de TV se redujo del 20,4 al 3,5% entreel primer y el tercer períodos de estudio (p < 0,001). La mediana de edad de las madres se incrementódesde los 24,6 a los 30,5 años (p < 0,001). La proporción de mujeres infectadas por transmisiónsexual pasó del 17,2 al 58,8% (p < 0,001), mientras que la de transmisión parenteral pasó del 79,2al 43,5% (p < 0,001). En el último período un 74,1% de parejas madre-hijo recibió profilaxis ARVcompleta y un 21,6% parcial. Las cesáreas programadas pasaron del 32,2 al 58,2% (p < 0,001).CONCLUSIONES: Las tasas de TV en nuestro medio han seguido la misma tendencia que en otrospaíses de nuestro entorno. Los cambios observados reflejan las variaciones en las característicasde la epidemia en la población general. La adopción de las recomendaciones de la profilaxisARV se ha iniciado con prontitud y se ha extendido progresivamente sin llegar a ser total. Sonaún necesarias estrategias para la universalización de la prueba de cribado durante el embarazo

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe and to analyze the evolution of the mother-to-child transmission(MTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the clinical and epidemiologicalcharacteristics and the use of antiretrovirals (ARV) in the HIV infected pregnant women andtheir new-borns alive between 1987 and 2003 in Catalonia.MATERIAL AND METHOD: The available clinical-epidemiological and treatment data were obtainedfrom 4 reference hospitals that take care of most of the children born to HIV infected mothersin Catalonia. Two of the hospitals had a data base designed to the follow up of their patients,whereas in the other 2 data were gathered by reviewing clinical registries. For the analysis, 3periods, based on the recommendations of treatment ARV during pregnancy, were settleddown: 1987-1993; 1994-1996, and 1997-2003.RESULTS: 1,105 mother-infant pairs were studied. HIV MTCT was reduced from 20.4% to 3.5%from first to third period of study (p < 0.001). The median age of the mothers increased from24.6 to 30.5 years of age (p < 0.001). The proportion of women infected by sexual transmissionincreased from 17.2% to 58.8% (p < 0.001), whereas that of parenteral transmission decreasedfrom the 79.2% to 43.5% (p < 0.001). In the last period, 74.1% of mother-child pairs receivedcomplete ARV prophylaxis regimens and 21.6% partial ones. The rate of elective caesarean-sectionwent up from 32.2% to 58.2% (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The rates of MTCT in our setting have followed the same trend as in other countriesof our surroundings. The observed changes reflect the variations in the characteristics of the epidemicin the general population. The implementation of the recommendations on ARV prophylaxishas begun early and it has extended progressively without getting to be total. Additional strategiesfor the universal coverage of the screening test during pregnancy are still needed